Difference between revisions of "Electronic Fundamentals"

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  File:PC-Ergometer3_B.jpg|Rear PowerControl Ergometer with one connection
 
  File:PC-Ergometer3_B.jpg|Rear PowerControl Ergometer with one connection
 
  File:SRM Ergometer_Netzteil 2.jpg|Power supply
 
  File:SRM Ergometer_Netzteil 2.jpg|Power supply
−
  File:SRM Ergometer_Steuerung 1.jpg|
+
  File:SRM Ergometer_Steuerung 1.jpg|The gearbox
 +
File:Dexlan Ethernet hub 3.jpg|Connecting the Dexlan Ethernet hub
 +
File:Relocating plug 02.jpg|Plug PowerControl
 +
File:Grounding 02.jpg|Grounding
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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===Connecting the Ergometer (Ports)===
 
===Connecting the Ergometer (Ports)===
  
−
#- Power Supply
+
# Power Supply
−
#- Serial Port
+
# Serial Port
 
#:The serial port is only for the external control by CPX/CPET, EKG or other medical devices by the so called “ergoline” protocol. The idea is to specify the protocols in the CPX/CPET or EKG software to be independend of the SRM Ergometer software.
 
#:The serial port is only for the external control by CPX/CPET, EKG or other medical devices by the so called “ergoline” protocol. The idea is to specify the protocols in the CPX/CPET or EKG software to be independend of the SRM Ergometer software.
 
#:Please connect the SRM ergometer via the serial port and the USB-to-Serial Adapter to the controlling computer.  
 
#:Please connect the SRM ergometer via the serial port and the USB-to-Serial Adapter to the controlling computer.  
 
#:Please note: If you like to control the protocol by an external device don’t start the performance diagnostics in the SRM ergometer software. The SRM ergometer software are dominant.
 
#:Please note: If you like to control the protocol by an external device don’t start the performance diagnostics in the SRM ergometer software. The SRM ergometer software are dominant.
−
#- Torque Analysis
+
# Torque Analysis
−
#- Ethernet Ergometer  
+
# Ethernet Ergometer  
  
  
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=== Ethernet hub ===
 
=== Ethernet hub ===
  
−
An Ethernet hub is a network hardware device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment. If, for example, a notebook has only 1 Ethernet port this offers a solution. Because if you want to you use both the Ergometer and the Torque Analysis you will need 2 Ethernet ports.
+
An Ethernet hub is a network hardware device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment. If, for example, a notebook has only 1 Ethernet port this offers a solution. Because if you want to you use both the Ergometer and the Torque Analysis you will need 2 Ethernet ports. It is most likely is does not matter which Ethernut hub you will use but we recommend to take the Dexlan Ethernet hub because is has been tested with the SRM Ergometer.
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
File:Connecting the Ethernet hub.jpg|Connecting the Ethernet hub
+
File:Dexlan Ethernet hub 1.jpg|Front view of the Dexlan Ethernet hub
 +
File:Dexlan Ethernet hub 2.jpg|Top view of the Dexlan Ethernet hub
 +
File:Dexlan Ethernet hub 3.jpg|Connecting the Dexlan Ethernet hub
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
−
 
−
<br />
 
  
 
== The PowerControl Ergometer==
 
== The PowerControl Ergometer==
  
−
The PowerControl of the SRM Ergometer is responsible for storing the measured data, controlling the eddy current brake and transmitting signals to the computer via a serial cable. The Power Control Ergometer is the new version of the Power Control.
+
The PowerControl Ergometer is the new version of the PowerControl and can be used only with the new ergometer control. It receives and displays the HR data.  
−
 
+
−
Power output is calculated in the PC in the following manner:
+
−
 
+
−
Average torque of a full crank rotation x average angular velocity of a full crank rotation = average power of a full crank rotation.
+
−
 
+
−
Average values are calculated on the time basis of one second. Thus the power value is always displayed with a one second delay. An example: The athlete pedals with 90 rotations per minute or 1.5 rotations per sec. The calculated performance is in this case the average value during 1.5 crank rotations. To conduct this calculation the next full crank rotation has to be completed in order to know which value of the previous time basis has to be employed. Basis of performance calculations are therefore always full rotations which are calculated on the time basis (1 sec).
+
−
 
+
−
A common time basis is necessary in order to synchronize all measured values of heart rate, cadence, power, and speed. Without calculation based on a common time basis and the relationship to the position of the crank, the measured value for power would fluctuate wildly.
+
−
 
+
−
Power supply of the PowerControl unit is ensured via an integrated accumulator, which is constantly charged when the power supply is switched on. To employ the PowerControl on the Ergometer one has to ensure that the zero offset and slope are correctly entered. All other values such as sampling frequency, wheel size, etc. are in this case not applicable.  
+
  
−
Since the PowerControl saves all data, the user has a second set of data which he can use e.g. if the computer has crashed or has lost its data.  
+
To employ the PowerControl on the Ergometer the user has to ensure that the zero-offset is correctly entered. All other values such as slope, circumference of tire, etc. are in this case not applicable and has to be changed in the settings of the ergometer software.  
  
  
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=== Main menu ===
 
=== Main menu ===
  
−
The main menu shows real-time data as the athlete trains. Press MODE to change between the different information modes on your display.
+
The main menu shows real-time data as the athlete trains.  
  
 
:'''Real-time Training Data Menu:'''
 
:'''Real-time Training Data Menu:'''
−
:* Top Line: Total training time, training time cadence > 0, distance [miles or km], ascending altitude [feet or m] or all four alternating (Setting can be changed in the SRM Windows Software).
+
:* Top Line: Time - total training time [h:min:sec].
−
:* Middle Line: Power [Watt] (> 1000W, 1.0 = 1000W), heart rate [bpm].
+
:* Middle Line: Power [Watt], Heartrate [bpm].
−
:* Bottom Line: Training zone, speed [km/h or miles/h], cadence [rpm].
+
:* Bottom Line: Speed [km/h], Cadence [rpm].
−
:If no signal from a sensor is picked up, the display shows “-“ for this data instead of a number (for example “-“ speed if the speed sensor is not working).
+
:If no signal from a sensor is picked up, the display shows “-“ for this data instead of a number (for example “Heartrate -“ if heartrate sensor is not paired/connected).
−
 
+
−
:'''Average Training Data Menu:'''
+
−
:* Top Line: Total training time, training time cadence > 0, distance, altitude or all four alternating.
+
−
:* Middle Line: Power, heart rate.
+
−
:* Bottom Line: Speed, cadence.
+
−
 
+
−
:'''Maximum Training Data Menu:'''
+
−
:* Top Line: Mechanical energy uptake in kilojoules [kJ]                 
+
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:(Estimating an efficiency of 25% riding the bike, this is approximately the same as the total energy burned by the athlete in kcal).
+
−
:* Middle Line: Power, heart rate.
+
−
:* Bottom Line: Speed, cadence.
+
−
 
+
−
:'''Time/Date Menu:'''
+
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:* Top Line: Time of day.
+
−
:* Middle Line: Day, month.
+
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:* Bottom Line: Year, temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
+
−
 
+
−
===Control test with PowerControl keys===
+
−
You have the possibility to start and stop the test (or the training session) with the keys of the PowerControl.<br>
+
−
The useful settings: See [[Settings of the Ergometer Software#Test|Control test with PowerControl keys]]
+
  
 
===Sensor Pairing===
 
===Sensor Pairing===
−
You need to pair the PowerControl Ergometer with the power, speed and heartrate sensors.If you don’t do this, no data will be received by the PowerControl Ergometer for any of the sensors that you want to use on your bike.
+
You need to pair the PowerControl Ergometer with the heartrate sensors. If you don’t do this, no heartrate data will be received by the PowerControl Ergometer and can't be saved in the ergometer software.  
  
−
Pairing the sensors with the PowerControl Ergometer will only be possible if they are switched on.
+
Please follow these steps:
−
:* Switch on the PowerMeter by pedaling the crank forward a few times (it will switch on when the sensor in the PowerMeter passes the magnet attached to the bottom bracket).
+
:* Connect the ergometer to the power supply.
−
:* Switch on the speed sensor by spinning the wheel.
+
 
:* Switch on heartrate sensor by putting the belt on your chest. Please moisten the electrodes to improve contact.
 
:* Switch on heartrate sensor by putting the belt on your chest. Please moisten the electrodes to improve contact.
−
:* Switch on the PowerControl by pressing the MODE button.
+
:* Switch on the PowerControl by pressing the MODE and PRO buttons simultaneously.
−
Hold PRO for about 3 seconds to enter Sensor Pairing mode. Press MODE once quickly to select the device you want to pair and press SET once quickly to tell the PC Ergometer to start searching.
+
:* Select the heartrate sensor you like to pair: Possible heartrate sensors are SUUNTO or the PLUS (the PLUS-SRM heartrate sensor belongs to the ergometer standard accessory)
−
The Antenna symbol blinking on the right of the display shows that the searching process has started. The search bar in the middle of the display shows the progress of the search.
+
:* Press SET for searching the heartrate sensor; the search bar of the display shows the progress of the search and the antenna symbol is flashing.
 +
:* If the heartrate sensor is found, the search bar is completed, the antenna symbol is displayed continuously and in the bottom line the sensor’s serial number is displayed.
 +
:* Hold MODE for about 3 seconds to get back in the main display chart, the heartrate should be displayed after a short time.  
  
−
If no signal is picked up, please check:
+
If no signal is picked up, please check and repeat pairing from the beginning:
−
:* If the sensor is switched on.
+
:* Damp the heartrate belt at the skin sensors to ensure that the heartrate data can be recorded by the heartrate belt.  
−
:* The position of the magnet.
+
:* If the sensor is working e.g. with another receiver (e.g. heartrate watch, PC8).
−
:* Depending on the total miles/km your PowerMeter battery might be empty.
+
:* Check the battery of the hartrate sensor.
 
:* If it is still not working, please get in touch with the SRM Service Center.
 
:* If it is still not working, please get in touch with the SRM Service Center.
−
When a sensor is found, the PC Ergometer will show “Found” in the top line, alternating with the sensor’s serial number.
 
−
If the pairing fails, please repeat pairing from the beginning.
 
−
To pair another sensor, press MODE once quickly to get back to the device selection Menu. Continue with pairing the heart rate sensor and speed sensor.
 
−
Hold MODE for about 3 seconds to leave the device pairing menu and go back to the main menu.
 
−
It is also possible to program the sensor identification numbers in the SRM Windows Software. Then manual pairing is not necessary.
 
  
−
=== Plugs ===
+
===Control test with PowerControl keys===
 +
You have the possibility to start and stop the test (or the training session) with the keys of the PowerControl.<br>
  
−
In the following list you find the technical meanings of the plugs at the rear of the PowerControl. Please consider that the number of plugs can distinguish between the different model types. And please be careful in handling the plugs, because the pins inside the plugs are very sensitiv. 
+
:'''Keybord Shortcuts'''
−
 
+
:*PRO (short): Test Start
−
:'''Plug of the PowerControll Ergometer''' ([[Media:PCIV-2-ports-plug01.jpg|s. picture]])
+
:*SET (short): Test Pause
−
:* male, 4 pins
+
:*PRO (long): Test Resume
−
:* Eddy current brake instructions from PowerControl to the power supply
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:*SET (long): Test Stop
−
:* Charging
+
−
:* Speed
+
−
:
+
  
 
<br />
 
<br />
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[[File:SRM Ergometer_Netzteil 2.jpg|thumb|Power Supply]]
 
[[File:SRM Ergometer_Netzteil 2.jpg|thumb|Power Supply]]
  
−
The power supply has been especially designed to suit the SRM Performance Ergometer. The power supply changes the magnetic field in the eddy current brake very rapidly to ensure a constant rotational speed in isokinetic mode. In the isokinetic mode it is necessary to reduce the braking power to near zero when the cranks are in vertical position. In horizontal position the braking power has to be up to 4000 watts. This is necessary to maintain the predetermined rotational pedaling speed. This means that at a cadence of 120 rotations per minute the magnetic field in the brake has to be established and abolished four times per second.
+
The power supply has been especially designed to suit the SRM Performance Ergometer. It supplies power to the ergometer, including the PowerControl Ergometer. The operating mode of the power supply is indicated by a blue LED display.  
  
−
The power supply operates with 220 Volts, and incorporates fuses of 1.3 A. The power point which is used for the power supply has to be well earthed (grounded) in order to avoid that the athletes become electrostatically charged. WARNING: Operation of the ergometer through an unsatisfactorily earthed power point can damage the health of the athlete and the physiologist and can also lead to wrong ECG readings.
+
Place the power supply in dry, well aired condition. Avoid switching the power supply on and off in quick succession. The power supply does not need any maintenance.
  
−
The operating mode of the power supply is indicated by a green LED display. The yellow LED display indicates the operation of the brake. The yellow LED has to flash during isokinetic mode.
+
==Light Barrier==
  
−
Place the power supply in dry, well aired condition. Avoid switching the power supply on and off in quick succession. Never clean the power supply with water or other fluids, the electronics will be damaged.
+
The light barrier measures the speed of the fly masses. It is a necessary for the power measurement. If speed is not measured correctly, the power measurement is not correct either. The speed values are displayed in the SRM ergometer software and on the PowerControl Ergometer. The speed data do not correspond to real speed values.
  
−
The current transmitted by the power supply is +/- 24 Volt. The power supply charges the PowerControl unit. If the PowerControl is not charged over a period of about 3 months, it may lose the programmed operating parameters. In this case the user has to charge up the PC via the dedicated charger and enter all operating parameters again with the software SRMWIN.
+
==Adjustments==
  
−
The power supply does usually not need any maintenance. Wipe with a dry cloth and be sure that no moisture gets into it.
+
It is possible to do some adjustments to the SRM Ergometer if it is necessary.
  
−
==Light Barrier==
+
===Relocating Plug===
 +
The cable of the PowerControl could be too short with the new SRM Ergometers. This occurs by pulling up the steering wheel of the Ergometer. In order to solve this the plug of the PowerControl will be relocated.
  
−
The light barrier measures the speed of the fly masses. She is a necessity for the power measurement. If speed is not measured correctly, the power measurement is not correct either. The displayed speed values in the SRMWin-Software - e.g. during a performance test – do not correspond to real speed values.
+
<gallery>
 +
File:Relocating plug 01.jpg|Front view relocating plug PowerControl
 +
File:Relocating plug 02.jpg|Side view relocating plug PowerControl
 +
</gallery>
  
−
==Grounding==
+
===Grounding===
−
It is possible that the cable of the PowerControl is too short with the new SRM Ergometers. This could occur by pulling up the steering wheel of the Ergometer. In order to solve this the plug of the PowerControl will be relocated. By doing this there has to be some grounding to do. The following images display how it looks after adjusting the plug.
+
Not every SRM Ergometer has been grounded thoroughly for international standards. This could be fixed easily by adding some more grounding like in the images below.
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
File:Relocating plug 01.jpg|Frontview relocating plug PowerControl
+
  File:Grouding 01.jpg|Front view grounding
−
File:Relocating plug 02.jpg|Sideview relocating plug PowerControl
+
  File:Grounding 02.jpg|Side view grounding
−
  File:Grouding 01.jpg|Frontview grounding
+
−
  File:Grounding 02.jpg|Sideview grounding
+
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>

Latest revision as of 11:22, 27 January 2021

The interaction between the electrical components of the SRM – High Performance Ergometer allows precise power control for performance diagnostic examination and scientific data acquisition.

  • The SRM - PowerMeter Science

  • Reading slope and serial number

  • The Power Control IV, abbreviated as PC on the handlebars in the photo

  • Connecting the Ergometer (Ports)

  • Connecting the Ergometer (Ports)

  • |Connecting the Ergometer (Ports)

  • The PowerControl Ergometer

  • The PowerControl Ergometer

  • Rear PowerControl Ergometer with one connection

  • Power supply

  • The gearbox

  • Connecting the Dexlan Ethernet hub

  • Plug PowerControl

  • Grounding


The PowerMeter

The PowerMeter is the central part of the ergometer. It is responsible for measuring the power output. The PM transmits a particular frequency (500 - 12.000 Hz) proportional to the actual torque and also a frequency proportional to the actual angular velocity via a transmitter to a receiver located on the frame. The signal is digital to eliminate transmission errors. Power supply of the PM is by a Lithium battery lasting 1800 hours.

Important: If there is no torque on the chain, the PM does not measure any frequency, which means the angular velocity is zero. Setting this zero offset correctly is important to receive the right measurement of power output.

In the factory we calibrate all SRM PowerMeters in order to determine the frequency change of PowerMeter when changing the torque on the cranks. This frequency is called slope. This slope, measured in Hz/Nm, has to be entered initially into the PowerControl. The slope only has to be reentered if a different PowerMeter is employed, which normally has also a different slope.

  • The SRM - PowerMeter Science

  • Reading slope and serial number


Connecting the Ergometer (Ports)

  1. Power Supply
  2. Serial Port
    The serial port is only for the external control by CPX/CPET, EKG or other medical devices by the so called “ergoline” protocol. The idea is to specify the protocols in the CPX/CPET or EKG software to be independend of the SRM Ergometer software.
    Please connect the SRM ergometer via the serial port and the USB-to-Serial Adapter to the controlling computer.
    Please note: If you like to control the protocol by an external device don’t start the performance diagnostics in the SRM ergometer software. The SRM ergometer software are dominant.
  3. Torque Analysis
  4. Ethernet Ergometer


  • Connecting the Ergometer (Ports)

  • Connecting the Ergometer (Ports)

  • Connecting the Ergometer (Ports)

Ethernet hub

An Ethernet hub is a network hardware device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment. If, for example, a notebook has only 1 Ethernet port this offers a solution. Because if you want to you use both the Ergometer and the Torque Analysis you will need 2 Ethernet ports. It is most likely is does not matter which Ethernut hub you will use but we recommend to take the Dexlan Ethernet hub because is has been tested with the SRM Ergometer.

  • Front view of the Dexlan Ethernet hub

  • Top view of the Dexlan Ethernet hub

  • Connecting the Dexlan Ethernet hub

The PowerControl Ergometer

The PowerControl Ergometer is the new version of the PowerControl and can be used only with the new ergometer control. It receives and displays the HR data.

To employ the PowerControl on the Ergometer the user has to ensure that the zero-offset is correctly entered. All other values such as slope, circumference of tire, etc. are in this case not applicable and has to be changed in the settings of the ergometer software.


  • The Power Control IV, abbreviated as PC on the handlebars in the photo

  • The PowerControl Ergometer

  • The PowerControl Ergometer

  • Rear PowerControl Ergometer with one connection


Main menu

The main menu shows real-time data as the athlete trains.

Real-time Training Data Menu:
  • Top Line: Time - total training time [h:min:sec].
  • Middle Line: Power [Watt], Heartrate [bpm].
  • Bottom Line: Speed [km/h], Cadence [rpm].
If no signal from a sensor is picked up, the display shows “-“ for this data instead of a number (for example “Heartrate -“ if heartrate sensor is not paired/connected).

Sensor Pairing

You need to pair the PowerControl Ergometer with the heartrate sensors. If you don’t do this, no heartrate data will be received by the PowerControl Ergometer and can't be saved in the ergometer software.

Please follow these steps:

  • Connect the ergometer to the power supply.
  • Switch on heartrate sensor by putting the belt on your chest. Please moisten the electrodes to improve contact.
  • Switch on the PowerControl by pressing the MODE and PRO buttons simultaneously.
  • Select the heartrate sensor you like to pair: Possible heartrate sensors are SUUNTO or the PLUS (the PLUS-SRM heartrate sensor belongs to the ergometer standard accessory)
  • Press SET for searching the heartrate sensor; the search bar of the display shows the progress of the search and the antenna symbol is flashing.
  • If the heartrate sensor is found, the search bar is completed, the antenna symbol is displayed continuously and in the bottom line the sensor’s serial number is displayed.
  • Hold MODE for about 3 seconds to get back in the main display chart, the heartrate should be displayed after a short time.

If no signal is picked up, please check and repeat pairing from the beginning:

  • Damp the heartrate belt at the skin sensors to ensure that the heartrate data can be recorded by the heartrate belt.
  • If the sensor is working e.g. with another receiver (e.g. heartrate watch, PC8).
  • Check the battery of the hartrate sensor.
  • If it is still not working, please get in touch with the SRM Service Center.

Control test with PowerControl keys

You have the possibility to start and stop the test (or the training session) with the keys of the PowerControl.

Keybord Shortcuts
  • PRO (short): Test Start
  • SET (short): Test Pause
  • PRO (long): Test Resume
  • SET (long): Test Stop


The Power Supply

Power Supply

The power supply has been especially designed to suit the SRM Performance Ergometer. It supplies power to the ergometer, including the PowerControl Ergometer. The operating mode of the power supply is indicated by a blue LED display.

Place the power supply in dry, well aired condition. Avoid switching the power supply on and off in quick succession. The power supply does not need any maintenance.

Light Barrier

The light barrier measures the speed of the fly masses. It is a necessary for the power measurement. If speed is not measured correctly, the power measurement is not correct either. The speed values are displayed in the SRM ergometer software and on the PowerControl Ergometer. The speed data do not correspond to real speed values.

Adjustments

It is possible to do some adjustments to the SRM Ergometer if it is necessary.

Relocating Plug

The cable of the PowerControl could be too short with the new SRM Ergometers. This occurs by pulling up the steering wheel of the Ergometer. In order to solve this the plug of the PowerControl will be relocated.

  • Front view relocating plug PowerControl

  • Side view relocating plug PowerControl

Grounding

Not every SRM Ergometer has been grounded thoroughly for international standards. This could be fixed easily by adding some more grounding like in the images below.

  • Front view grounding

  • Side view grounding

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